Herpes simplex virus (HSV), commonly known as herpes, is a sexually transmitted infection. This virus can spread through oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse. A majority of those affected by genital herpes do not realize that they have contracted the virus. Pregnancy is a critical time to beware of genital herpes due to the potential harm it may have on the unborn fetus. The good news is that by taking proper care and precautions, a healthy pregnancy is possible even with genital herpes.

Neonatal herpes is a serious condition, but it’s a very rare occurrence. Babies are at high risk of neonatal herpes if the mother contracts the virus late during the pregnancy.

Causes of genital herpes in pregnancy
Genital herpes is caused due to two different viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2. The former is caused by oral sex, while the latter is caused by sexual intercourse. This condition is caused by the infection of the mucous membranes of the genitals and the surrounding skin by the HSV virus.

Symptoms of genital herpes
Common symptoms of outbreaks of herpes occur in infected people. For some, the symptoms are hardly noticeable, while the symptoms are severe for others. The common symptoms are as mentioned:

• Itching in the genital area within 2-10 days of being exposed to the virus
• The occurrence of white blisters and red bumps in the genital region
• The occurrence of sores on the mouth, buttocks, and anus
• Oozing from the blisters and formation of ulcers
• Formation of scabs on the skin where the ulcers have healed
• Fever
• Swollen groin
• A general feeling of sickness

Treatment of genital herpes
Genital herpes has no cure once it enters the body; it will persist forever. The treatment aims at preventing the symptoms or decreasing the severity of the outbreaks. Anti-viral medication is given to decrease the severity of the condition, and these medicines also help in faster healing of sores and help prevent recurrence. Avoiding oral sex is another way to prevent the spreading of the disease, and sexual intercourse using condoms also helps prevent it. Abstaining from sexual contact during outbreaks is the best way to prevent the spread of infection. When pregnant women experience the symptoms, it is best to consult a doctor and take preventive measures.

Pregnant women who contract the virus late in their pregnancy must take antiviral medication as a preventive measure against outbreaks. In case lesions or ulcers are present during the time of delivery, opting for a C-section is a good way to prevent neonatal herpes.

Conclusion
It is rare that the herpes virus is transmitted to the fetus in the uterus. However, the chances that it is transmitted during birth are high. A majority of women affected with genital herpes may expect an outbreak during pregnancy. The risk is higher if the first outbreak occurs during pregnancy. Pregnant women need to exercise great caution by taking necessary precautions while engaging in sexual encounters.